276, 123350 (2020). The authors declare no other competing interests. Manages sample collection and retention strategy. Among the states, Amazonas, Rondnia, Roraima and Mato Grosso had the largest declines in e0 in both 2020 and 2021 (Fig. JAMA 324, 13911392 (2020). 3 0 obj
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ANDS with Nectar and RDS have a vision in 2018-19 to create the Australian Research Data Cloud - "an integrated data-intensive infrastructure system, incorporating physical infrastructure, policies, data, software, tools and support for researchers." T.A., S.G. and S.K. We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. C.M.T. a, Change (in years) in the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. Chazovachii, P.T., Somers, M.J., Robo, M.T. First, differences in these period life expectancies capture both direct and indirect mortality effects of COVID-19 in 2020. B Biol. 123, 116129 (2019). Moreover, the life cycle assessments, which utilized soiled diapers as the starting point, demonstrated that these open-loop recycling methods outperform the conventional routes from petroleum-derived feedstocks on nearly every metric, including for the key LCA metrics of global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Recording of LIFE Infoday session(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022) Several environmental impact categories were examined, but particular attention was paid to the global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand (CED). Anne J. McNeil. From an energetic standpoint, the CED is reduced by 18.8% and 18.6% with the sonication scenarios, and further reduced (by 24.8%) in the scenario without sonication. I\{vd^TC{3SR ZL]hXSU}HcQnVH~;kJ{r]%44FG>~iOq|_nK.u2AMr4P'1Lc3FwMEEet8uU6BmgM1jH#Nip $jmVP->Y$FB4|Kf
}Y It is also the case that the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 could encompass secular changes unrelated to the pandemic. Disruption in treatment and diagnosis of tuberculosis and HIV might increase mortality over the next 5 years30. Silveira, M. F. et al. VIGISAN. Soil Environ. 75, 337345 (2002). Process Saf. Med. Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. Chem. Duque, D. Auxlio Emergencial faz pobreza cair em plena pandemia. https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706 (2021). COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. and S.G. conducted the formal analysis. Chem. 1 0 obj
!J8Di,t1@'l:fBHM?bG)z6PRIq\QiA#J%B,yd6:$U drJH!e+Lal#fl&|5v{@V:"`as[#!S/`GoQd&~^lsv)rp. The results from both of these experiments demonstrate that the equilibrium lies far towards the esterification product. The estimated setback for e65 was overwhelming, equalling values last observed as far back as the early 2000s in most states in the North region and before 2000 in Amazonas, Par and Gois. . These results demonstrate that solvent hydrophobicity improves conversion to the ester. Get the latest from your favourite shows on National Geographic Chazovachii, P. T., Somers, M., Alfaro, J., McNeil, A. J. Fourth, the economic crisis that hit Brazil in 2014 has contributed to increases in mortality35, poverty and inequality36. Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products. Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). Codice fiscale e Partita Iva 10125211002 . M.C.C. A much higher loss was estimated for e65: 29% for both sexes in Brazil (Supplementary Table 9). Death rates from non-COVID-19 causes in 2020 likely changed between 2019 and 2020, decreasing for some causes (for example, from reduced exposure to other infections) and increasing in others (for example, from delayed or foregone healthcare or overburdening of the healthcare system). S1). In this work, we report a mild and efficient synthetic route for open-loop recycling the acrylic-based superabsorbent material used in diapers. . The crosslinks were first hydrolyzed using 0.3M aq. Environ. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. 1a, Supplementary Table 1 and Methods), with a larger drop for males (1.57 years) than females (0.95 years). The new plastics economy: rethinking the future of plastics & catalyzing action. Revista de Administrao Pblica 54, 678696 (2020). JRSvk] Abbasi, J. That is, the PSAs are soft enough to flow and wet a substrate at the bonding frequency, while hard enough to hold onto a substrate, and peel cleanly at the debonding frequency. Huang, C. et al. Simes, C. C. S. Breve histrico do processo demogrfico. Andrady, A. L. After more than 195,000 lives were reported to have been lost in 2020 to COVID-19, no policy changes have appeared in 2021. of 2-ethylhexanol and H2SO4 as a catalyst (Fig. . 88, 5670 (2019). We showed that a largely unmitigated pandemic, in a context of local inequalities, resulted in a high and unequal mortality burden. Marinho, F. et al. Santos, M. C. et al. Moreover, the route involving just decrosslinking and esterification (i.e., no sonication) has the potential to be industrially scalable, providing a sustainable solution to a longstanding waste problem. J. 2 0 obj
U.S. Patent 8404887B2 (March 26, 2013). Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. This result suggests that most crosslinks had been hydrolyzed within 15h (Supplementary Fig. Nature Governance ). Chem. http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). Article M.C.C. As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. 7 April 2022 - Full Proposal. The Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme will aim at the protection and restoration of Europe's nature and halting and reversing biodiversity loss. and N.G. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, P. Takunda Chazovachii,Michael T. Robo,E. Neil G. Marsh,Paul M. Zimmerman&Anne J. McNeil, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science InnovationCorporate R&D, The Procter & Gamble Co., West Chester, OH, USA, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, You can also search for this author in D.I.C., M.I.J., and E.N.G.M. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). Takaya, C. A. et al. https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market (20152020). Percentage loss due to COVID-19 mortality relative to increases in female and male e0 (a) and e65 (b) between 2000 and 2020 by state. 34, 189200 (1991). axL5Bv\cH L(8@#lP&djen$kqbn7GwU$Kn~`
d!B"mheQ%$HL3\0(Jqv\s. b, Gap (in years) in state e0 and e65 in 2019 and 2020, calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest life expectancy among states (Methods). Peer review information Nature Medicine thanks Pedro Hallal, Usama Bilal and Vladimir Canudas Romo for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peter Bauer, Jonas Brugger, Martin Posch, Sven Drefahl, Matthew Wallace, Gunnar Andersson, Hctor Pifarr i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Mikko Myrskyl, Ian F. Miller, Alexander D. Becker, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stefano Amore, Emanuela Puppo, Giuseppe Liotta, Ariel Pablos-Mndez, Simone Villa, Richard Alan Cash, Megan ODriscoll, Gabriel Ribeiro Dos Santos, Henrik Salje, Nature Medicine The corresponding VW for each adhesive is the rectangular region bounded by these four moduli. The synthetic polymer community created these impactful materials, and now, we must turn our attention towards technologies that facilitate their collection and recycling, to create a circular economy that is more sustainable7. Li, J., Nagamani, C. & Moore, J. S. Polymer mechanochemistry: from destructive to productive. Castro, M. C. et al. Closed-loop chemical recycling via depolymerization to monomer is also not currently feasible for these superabsorbent materials because side-chain degradation outcompetes depolymerization. 5). sub-programme "Transition to clean energy". X.iieS(,& Single phase. J. Org. Article Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. Surprisingly, even when excess H2O was intentionally added (3 equiv), high conversions were still observed (Supplementary Information pgs S15S16). Smith, D. W. & Bradshaw, B. S. Variation in life expectancy during the twentieth century in the United States. Overall, the viscoelastic properties of the synthesized PSAs suggest they would be useful for applications such as removable general-purpose adhesives, including tapes, bandages, and sticky notes. Within the first 15h, we observed a substantial drop (more than two orders of magnitude) in viscosity, after which point no further changes were observed. This year, there is 598 million available for nature conservation, environmental protection, climate action, and clean energy transition projects. Accept all achievement motivation scale manual Manage preferences. Briefly, nonamers of polyacrylic acid were used as a model system along withbutanol Comparison of the reaction free energies was made between the first esterification and the final esterification. Third, because local health authorities have 60 d to report deaths from any cause, delayed death registration might be an issue in 2021, and, thus, for the first 4 months of 2021, we used confirmed COVID-19 deaths as reported by Brasil.io, which compiles epidemiological bulletins from the 27 state health departments. DT19 and DT20 assess the effect of including and excluding, respectively, only deaths for which COVID-19 was listed as the underlying cause on the death certificate. Strong business development professional with a PhD focused in Teaching Engineering with Games from Universidade de So Paulo. Hope O Baker - Mite Coordinator - Mankato Area Hockey Assoc | LinkedIn Therefore, we estimated the provisional decline in life expectancy in 2021 thus far; this estimate is based on the DT19 method noted earlier but, in this case, adding confirmed 2021 COVID-19 deaths to the deaths expected among those who did not die of COVID-19, who are assumed to be subject to 2019 mortality rates for the remainder of 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). Locations: Colorado; Nevada, Jersey City, NJ; New York City, NY; Ithaca, NY and Westchester County, NY. Given a growing emphasis on sustainability within the polymer industry, including calls to increase the circularity of polymer production12, this LCA provides an important metric for evaluating approaches to polymer recycling.